Cliff Notes

Nuclear Enrichment Demands: US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has stated that Iran must permanently abandon its nuclear enrichment activities to engage in fruitful negotiations with the Trump administration and avert military conflict. Iran has maintained that its nuclear programme is purely for civilian energy, rejecting calls to cease enrichment.
Negotiation Landscape: While Rubio acknowledged the ongoing discussions and expressed a preference for a peaceful resolution, he cautioned that reaching an agreement with Iran remains uncertain. The recent rounds of negotiations are aimed at establishing stricter terms on Iran’s nuclear capabilities following the US withdrawal from the previous nuclear deal.
International Implications: Rubio’s comments highlight the potential for increased conflict in the Middle East, with military actions against Iran carrying the risk of escalating tensions further. Concurrently, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has noted Iran’s willingness to discuss surveillance measures at nuclear sites, a step seen as a positive indication of a possible resolution.

Rubio says Iran must give up nuclear enrichment in any deal with the US

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio looks on upon his arrival at the Quai d’Orsay

Washington (AP) — Secretary of State Marco Rubio said in an interview released Wednesday that Iran must give up all nuclear enrichment if it wants to make a deal during talks with the Trump administration and head off the threat of armed conflict.

Iran insists its nuclear program is for civilian energy use and says it does not seek to make weapons-grade uranium to build atomic bombs.

“If Iran wants a civil nuclear program, they can have one just like many other countries can have one, and that is they import enriched material,” Rubio said in a podcast interview with journalist Bari Weiss.

But Iran has long refused to give up its ability to enrich uranium. President Donald Trump in his first term pulled the U.S. out of a Obama-era nuclear deal focused on monitoring to ensure Iran did not move toward weapons-grade enrichment.

In the first months of his second term, Trump opened talks that he says will get a tougher agreement on Iran’s nuclear program, with a second round of negotiations held Saturday and technical-level talks expected this weekend. Iran wants the easing of sanctions that have damaged its economy and is facing threatened Israeli or U.S. strikes aimed at disabling its nuclear program by force.

“I would tell anyone we’re a long ways from any sort of agreement with Iran,” Rubio noted. “It may not be possible, we don’t know … but we would want to achieve a peaceful resolution to this and not resort to anything else.”

With the region already embroiled in war, he said that “any military action at this point in the Middle East, whether it’s against Iran by us or anybody else, could in fact trigger a much broader conflict.”

Although Trump “reserves every right to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon, he’d prefer peace,” Rubio added.

Trump’s lead representative in the recently revived talks, Middle East envoy Steve Witkoff, initially suggested the U.S. was open to allowing Iran to continue low-level uranium enrichment.

Many American conservatives and Israel, which wants Iran’s nuclear facilities destroyed, objected. Witkoff issued what the Trump administration described as a clarification, saying, “Iran must stop and eliminate its nuclear enrichment and weaponization program.”

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi responded that his country must be able to enrich. “The core issue of enrichment itself is not negotiable,” he said.

Standard international agreements for civilian nuclear programs have the U.S. and international community help governments develop nuclear power for energy and other peaceful uses in exchange for them swearing off making their own nuclear fuel, because of the threat that capacity could be used for weapons.

Also Wednesday, the head of the International Atomic Energy Agency said Iran has agreed to allow in a technical team from the United Nations nuclear watchdog agency in coming days to discuss restoring camera surveillance at nuclear sites and other issues.

Rafael Mariano Grossi, speaking to reporters in Washington after meeting with Iranian officials in Tehran last week, said that while the move was not directly linked to the U.S. talks, it was an encouraging sign of Iran’s willingness to reach terms in a potential deal.

Iranian leaders were engaged “with a sense of trying to get to an agreement,” Grossi said. “That is my impression.”

After Trump exited the nuclear deal with world powers in 2018, Iran responded by curtailing monitoring by the IAEA at nuclear sites. It has pressed ahead on enriching and stockpiling uranium that is closer to weapons-grade levels, the agency says.

The IAEA is not playing a direct role in the new talks, and Trump’s Republican administration has not asked it to, Grossi told reporters.

But when it comes to ensuring Iranian compliance with any deal, he said, “this will have to be verified by the IAEA.”

“I cannot imagine how you could put … a corps of invented international or national inspectors to inspect Iran” without having the agency’s decades of expertise, he said. “I think it would be problematic and strange.”