Cliff Notes
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Historical Context: The meeting between Irish Minister Frank Aiken and President Franklin D. Roosevelt occurred in 1941 amid World War II, as Aiken sought US support for Ireland’s neutrality policy due to a tightening British supply squeeze.
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Initial Warm Welcome: Aiken’s visit began positively with a warm reception from Irish-American organisations and a gesture of goodwill from New York‘s mayor, but this would soon change.
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Meeting with State Department: Aiken’s discussions with Sumner Welles, the US State Department head, turned contentious, as Aiken was rebuffed on Ireland’s neutral stance, leading to an acrimonious conclusion to that meeting.
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Clash with Roosevelt: The pivotal meeting with Roosevelt was marked by increasing tension, with Aiken asserting that Britain was an aggressor in Northern Ireland. The exchange escalated, culminating in Roosevelt allegedly losing his temper and disrupting the table during their heated discussion.
- Legacy of the Encounter: This explosive interaction illustrates the complexities and tensions in Irish-American relations and reflects that significant diplomatic arguments are not a modern phenomenon, highlighting historical precedents of such clashes behind closed doors.
The US president, an Irish minister and a huge White House row
In 1941, a contentious meeting unfolded between Irish Minister Frank Aiken and President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Aiken was in the US to garner support for Ireland’s neutrality during World War II but faced severe pushback from Roosevelt and his advisers. As tensions escalated, Aiken and Roosevelt engaged in a heated exchange, culminating in a dramatic incident where the president reportedly pulled the tablecloth from the dining table, indicating the depth of frustration and anger during their discussions. This incident underscores the historical difficulties in diplomatic communications, revealing that high-stakes conflicts in political negotiations are deeply rooted in the past.
Analysis: Franklin D Roosevelt’s 1941 explosive meeting with Frank Aiken ended with raised voices, histrionics and flying knives, forks and plates
By Bryce Evans, Liverpool Hope University
Taoiseach Micheál Martin heads to the White House next week in the aftermath of the Trump-Vance-Zelensky Oval Office bust-up. As a diplomatic disaster, the Ukrainian leader’s recent visit to Washington would be hard to surpass. Yet 84 years ago, as World War II raged, a similarly explosive blow-up allegedly occurred in the same venue between Irish and American representatives.
The occasion was the visit to the United States of Irish Minister for the Coordination of Defensive Measures, Frank Aiken. In the midst of an ever-tightening British supply squeeze, Taoiseach Éamon de Valera dispatched Aiken to America in spring 1941 to gain moral and material support for Ireland’s neutrality policy.
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From RTÉ Radio 1’s Today with Sean O’Rourke in 2014, Prof Stephen Kelly profiles Frank Aiken
Although a stalwart of de Valera’s cabinets, Aiken, a physically imposing ‘big man’ of the revolutionary period, was on one level an odd choice of envoy. The Armagh native had issued the ceasefire order which effectively ended the Civil War in May 1923, but he was hardly renowned for his diplomatic finesse and was dubbed “the iron man with the wooden head” by contemporary wits.
The trip started off well. In Aiken’s original account of the trip, now held in UCD Archives, he recalled arriving in New York on March 18th, where the mayor of the city, Fiorello La Guardia, placed his car at his disposal. The following day Aiken was joined by Robert Brennan, the Irish Representative in Washington. Amid the warm welcome from Irish-American organisations, the trip was even leant an air of Hollywood glamour by the presence of actress Maureen O’Sullivan – then enjoying fame as ‘Jane’ in the Tarzan movies – who had heard that ‘General Aiken’ was Stateside and visited him.
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From RTÉ Archives, Jim Fahy reports for RTÉ News on the visit of Maureen O’Sullivan to her hometown of Boyle, Co Roscommon in August 1988
But then things started to sour considerably, eventually leading some amongst the Irish delegation to conclude that they were the victims of something of an ambush orchestrated by the US State Department. Aiken’s first meeting was with department head Sumner Welles. After listening to Aiken outline Ireland’s neutral position in the war, Welles told him bluntly, “England should win” with, Aiken noted, “great emphasis and significance”. Aiken’s response was to cite Britain as an “active aggressor” in Northern Ireland, a view that Welles dismissed.
The meeting ended acrimoniously, but this was very much the calm before the storm given what was to follow when Aiken met US president Franklin D Roosevelt. Brennan was suddenly informed that Roosevelt was cancelling their scheduled meeting because he was leaving Washington for a fishing trip “for a week or ten days”. With the best part of a fortnight to kill, Aiken and Brennan set about lobbying Congress and Senate.
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From British Pathé, Franklin D.Roosevelt’s 1940 speech on defending American civilisation
Finally, two weeks later, the meeting with Roosevelt took place. According to Brennan’s original report, pleasantries were short, with the president requesting they speak frankly before asking Aiken why he had said Ireland had nothing to fear from a German victory. Aiken emphatically denied that he had said this and, as FDR went on, became increasingly frustrated by his inability to get a word in, finding that he had to “keep talking against his attempts to interrupt me in what would be a boorish way in dealing with an ordinary individual”.
Roosevelt promised Ireland much-needed supplies only if Britain consented. Aiken instructed the president to “use his own initiative and save the British from their folly”. Roosevelt was not used to being talked to like this. The sparring continued and a meeting scheduled to last ten minutes drifted into three-quarters of an hour (according to Aiken) and an hour and fifteen minutes (according to Brennan) as the Irish minister held out against the constant attempts of the President’s aide-de-camp to interject.
Angry exchanges like Roosevelt-Aiken – complete with raised voices, histrionics, and the alleged flying knives and forks – used to strictly happen behind closed doors
The meeting was “finally terminated in the presence of four or five negroes who entered and placed the president’s lunch on the table” wrote Aiken. Before he left, Aiken asked the President if he would support Ireland in “our stand against aggression”. “German aggression, yes”, replied Roosevelt. “British aggression, too” retorted Aiken, and the meeting drew to a stormy close.
Or so the official report claimed. In a newspaper piece published by the Irish Press in 1958, Brennan alleged that the meeting had in fact spun out of all control at this point. When Aiken replied, “British aggression too”, Brennan claimed Roosevelt lost control of his temper in quite spectacular fashion. Roaring “nonsense!”, Brennan recalled that America’s wheelchair-bound president had pulled the tablecloth from the table, sending cutlery and food flying around the room.
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From RTÉ Archives, Caroline Erskine reports for RTÉ News on the funeral of Frank Aiken in 1983
Understandably, perhaps, the sensational detail of the president’s upended lunch did not appear in either Aiken’s or Brennan’s original reports of the trip. Brennan’s 1941 memo to Secretary of the Department of External Affairs Joseph Walsh does have Roosevelt bellowing “preposterous!” “ridiculous nonsense!” and “absurd nonsense!” at Aiken after he sought assurances of US support against British aggression.
Roosevelt’s outburst must be contextualised against the backdrop of the war, the prevailing anti-partitionist Irish political culture of the time, and the Machiavellian behaviour of America’s top diplomat in Ireland, David Gray. However, it goes to show that the Trump-Vance-Zelensky row was not quite as ‘unprecedented’ as has been claimed. On the other hand, as the taoiseach will be well aware, angry exchanges like Roosevelt-Aiken – complete with raised voices, histrionics, and the alleged flying knives and forks – used to strictly happen behind closed doors.
Prof Bryce Evans is Professor of Modern World History at Liverpool Hope University
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The views expressed here are those of the author and do not represent or reflect the views of RTÉ
