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A federal judge on Monday dismissed the criminal fraud charges against Indian billionaire Gautam Adani and several of his co-defendants, after politically appointed leaders in the Justice Department decided to kill the case in May.

But in an unusual twist, U.S. District Judge Nicholas G. Garaufis for the Eastern District of New York refused to dismiss two of the counts against five other co-defendants, saying the Justice Department had failed to provide him with a sufficient reason for doing so.

In a scathing 47-page ruling, Garaufis took aim at Trent McCotter, the principal associate deputy attorney general, who he said bears sole responsibility for trying to dismiss the case.

“The irregularities in the decision to dismiss the indictment are concerning,” Garaufis wrote. 

“On the current record, McCotter appears to have eschewed the professional opinions of innumerable officials from various federal offices and replaced them with his singular judgment. The fact that McCotter came to this decision largely in collaboration with defense counsel, and seemingly without input from the FBI and SEC agents who investigated the alleged misconduct, or the attorneys from the Department, SEC, and U.S. Attorney’s Office who brought the case, appears to be highly unusual.”

The high-profile foreign bribery case against Adani was brought at the tail end of former President Joe Biden’s tenure, and it managed to survive even after President Trump ordered the Justice Department and the Securities and Exchange Commission to conduct a review into all of their pending foreign bribery cases.

But after Adani retained Bob Giuffra and Jamie McDonald of Sullivan & Cromwell, the Justice Department in May moved to dismiss the case entirely.

McCotter made the determination after he and other government officials met with McDonald, Giuffra and Andrew DeFilippis of Sullivan & Cromwell, sources previously told WTX US News. McDonald has since been nominated by Mr. Trump to serve as U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York.

In one of these meetings at the Justice Department about the Adani case, Giuffra made a presentation that disputed evidence of the alleged bribery scheme, according to sources familiar with the matter and records reviewed by WTX US News. One slide touted how one of Adani’s companies is “powering India’s progress,” and another slide said the Trump administration “would not have brought the case.”

If prosecutors were to drop the charges, Giuffra also said at the meeting, Adani — the leader of a massive Indian conglomerate — would be willing to invest $10 billion in the American economy, sources told WTX US News.

A spokesperson for the Justice Department declined to comment beyond the letter McCotter submitted to the court about the case, in which he said he made the decision to dismiss the charges “after conducting numerous meetings with defense counsel” and reviewing “hundreds of pages of materials.”

WTX US News has reached out to Adani’s lawyer for comment.

Judges have some discretion to review motions to dismiss charges, but it is unusual for them to extensively question the government’s rationale for tossing out indictments.

The decision to dismiss the Adani case has raised eyebrows and sparked questions from the judge. 

Two career prosecutors who were involved in the case withdrew from the matter after the motion to dismiss was filed. Additionally, politically appointed officials —  the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York and McCotter—  were the only signatories on the motion to dismiss.

McCotter initially pushed back when Garaufis first started raising questions about the motion to dismiss the case, prompting the judge to order Adani last month to provide answers to the court on whether there was any sort of quid pro quo arrangement. 

Adani ultimately told the judge no such arrangement existed.

In his ruling Monday, Garaufis said that Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 48(a) requires the government to “set forth the basis for its motion to dismiss,” which should include its reasons and underlying factual basis for doing so.

“It is evident throughout McCotter’s musings on ‘judicial inquisitions,’ the ‘separation of powers,’ and ‘prosecutorial discretion’ that he would like the court to have no role in reviewing this motion,” Garaufis wrote.

“However, the rule’s legislative history and relevant case law confirm that rule 48(a) was enacted to ensure the court’s limited, but key, role in scrutinizing the government’s decision to dismiss charges once a grand jury returns an indictment.”

He criticized McCotter for failing to provide adequate reasons for dismissing the obstruction and foreign bribery counts, noting he was “unpersuaded” by McCotter’s “unsworn statements regarding hypothetical concerns of ‘diplomatic strife’ and ‘waste[d] resources,’ or his unsubstantiated claim that ‘India can better manage its internal systems than can prosecutors in Brooklyn and Washington.'”

The judge did accept some of the Justice Department’s arguments for dismissing the charges against Adani, saying it was “conceivable that the anti-bribery language used in the financial documents is so generic and vague that it would raise legal risks to the prosecution.”

But he was angered by McCotter’s contention that the case was brought by the Biden-era Justice Department as a name-and-shame exercise.

“McCotter appears to be accusing officials across four different government offices of bringing a detailed 54-page, 5-count indictment out of spite,” he wrote. “However, he has not provided a scintilla of evidence to suggest that the timing of the unsealing of the indictment, or the charging decisions, in this case was politically motivated. McCotter’s baseless assertion is unbecoming of his office.”

He gave the Justice Department an Aug. 31 deadline to advise on its reasons for seeking to dismiss the two counts against the five remaining co-defendants. He also ordered attorneys for the remaining defendants to inform the court that they consent to the dismissal.